John Thomson’s Remarkable Photographs of China from the 1870s

John Thomson, China, photography, portraits, travel, 1800s, Scottish

Portrait of Young Manchu Woman in her Wedding Dress.

I suppose it’s the grumble of an older age group that certain words no longer have any real meaning. Words like “ground-breaking” or “pioneering” which are now ascribed to hairdressers from Hackney or vloggers in Auchtermuchty. Not much wrong with this, you might say, language is a living thing which evolves. But I would hold: certain words, certain phrases have immutable meaning. Words like ground-breaking should mean something that changes our perception of the world or changes our understanding of life.

John Thomson (1837-1921) created work that was ground-breaking and pioneering. Far more pioneering than an innovative coiffure or a teen’s product placement on YouTube. Thomson was an Edinburgh-born photographer who travelled to China in the late 1860s. From 1870-71, Thomson travelled extensively in China photographing the people he met, documenting their customs, lives, costumes, and traditions. Thomson feared much of China’s culture would be swamped by the expansion of Empire and the opening of trading routes.

Thomson was a social photographer who used much of his work (see his photographs of poverty in London) to highlight inequalities. While in China, Thomson noted the oppression of women. He documented this in his pictures like the Portrait of Young Manchu Woman in her Wedding Dress (see above), where Thomson noted:

No Manchu maiden can be betrothed until she is fourteen years of age. Usually some elderly woman is employed as a go-between to arrange a marriage, and four primary rules exist to guide the matron. First the lady must be amiable. Secondly she must be a woman of few words. Thirdly she must be of industrious habits, and lastly she must neither want a limb nor an eye and indeed she must be moderately good-looking.

[A wife] is even liable to be beaten by her mother-in-law, and husband too, if she neglects to discharge her duties as general domestic drudge.

Thomson travelled with a camera the size of a large packing crate. He used the collodion process or wet plate process which was a time-consuming and difficult. Thomson hoped his work would bring an appreciation of the rich diversity of ethnicity and culture to Victorian Britain. That he succeeded and his works are still held in high esteem today is testament to Thomson’s pioneering work as a photographer.

 

John Thomson, China, photography, portraits, travel, 1800s, Scottish

A Manchu lady wearing a coiffure.

 

John Thomson, China, photography, portraits, travel, 1800s, Scottish

Mandarin and Son.

 

John Thomson, China, photography, portraits, travel, 1800s, Scottish

A Mandarin’s house.

 

John Thomson, China, photography, portraits, travel, 1800s, Scottish

Old Chinese woman with elaborate hair style.

 

John Thomson, China, photography, portraits, travel, 1800s, Scottish

A Pekingese chiropodist.

 

John Thomson, China, photography, portraits, travel, 1800s, Scottish

A painter at work.

 

John Thomson, China, photography, portraits, travel, 1800s, Scottish

Manchu lady having her hair styled. John Thomson.

 

John Thomson, China, photography, portraits, travel, 1800s, Scottish

Manchu Lady and her Maid.

 

John Thomson, China, photography, portraits, travel, 1800s, Scottish

Three men, two older with beards, one younger with a moustache.

 

John Thomson, China, photography, portraits, travel, 1800s, Scottish

A Cantonese boat girl.

 

John Thomson, China, photography, portraits, travel, 1800s, Scottish


A man, with laden panniers, selling fruit outside a house.

 

John Thomson, China, photography, portraits, travel, 1800s, Scottish

A tradesman selling vases on the street.

 

John Thomson, China, photography, portraits, travel, 1800s, Scottish

An old Mongol woman and her horse.

 

John Thomson, China, photography, portraits, travel, 1800s, Scottish

A Nightwatchman, Peking.

 

John Thomson, China, photography, portraits, travel, 1800s, Scottish

Manchu women buying flowers for their headdress.

 

John Thomson, China, photography, portraits, travel, 1800s, Scottish

Prince Kung, now about forty years of age, is the sixth son of the Emperor Tao Kwang, who reigned from A.D. 1820 to 1850. He is a younger brother of the late Emperor Hien-foong, and, consequently an uncle to the reigning Emperor Tung-che.

 

John Thomson, China, photography, portraits, travel, 1800s, Scottish

Camel sculptures on the road to the Ming tombs.

 

John Thomson, China, photography, portraits, travel, 1800s, Scottish

Island Pagoda.

 

John Thomson, China, photography, portraits, travel, 1800s, Scottish

Amoy, Fukien province, China: two Manchu soldiers with John Thomson.

 

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