Technology
How Smart is ChatGPT?
Visualizing ChatGPT’s Performance in Human Exams
ChatGPT, a language model developed by OpenAI, has become incredibly popular over the past year due to its ability to generate human-like responses in a wide range of circumstances.
In fact, ChatGPT has become so competent, that students are now using it to help them with their homework. This has prompted several U.S. school districts to block devices from accessing the model while on their networks.
So, how smart is ChatGPT?
In a technical report released on March 27, 2023, OpenAI provided a comprehensive brief on its most recent model, known as GPT-4. Included in this report were a set of exam results, which we’ve visualized in the graphic above.
GPT-4 vs. GPT-3.5
To benchmark the capabilities of ChatGPT, OpenAI simulated test runs of various professional and academic exams. This includes SATs, the bar examination, and various advanced placement (AP) finals.
Performance was measured in percentiles, which were based on the most recently available score distributions for test takers of each exam type.
Percentile scoring is a way of ranking one’s performance relative to the performance of others. For instance, if you placed in the 60th percentile on a test, this means that you scored higher than 60% of test-takers.
The following table lists the results that we visualized in the graphic.
Category | Exam | GPT-4 Percentile | GPT-3.5 Percentile |
---|---|---|---|
Law | Uniform Bar Exam | 90 | 10 |
Law | LSAT | 88 | 40 |
SAT | Evidence-based Reading & Writing | 93 | 87 |
SAT | Math | 89 | 70 |
Graduate Record Examination (GRE) | Quantitative | 80 | 25 |
Graduate Record Examination (GRE) | Verbal | 99 | 63 |
Graduate Record Examination (GRE) | Writing | 54 | 54 |
Advanced Placement (AP) | Biology | 85 | 62 |
Advanced Placement (AP) | Calculus | 43 | 0 |
Advanced Placement (AP) | Chemistry | 71 | 22 |
Advanced Placement (AP) | Physics 2 | 66 | 30 |
Advanced Placement (AP) | Psychology | 83 | 83 |
Advanced Placement (AP) | Statistics | 85 | 40 |
Advanced Placement (AP) | English Language | 14 | 14 |
Advanced Placement (AP) | English Literature | 8 | 8 |
Competitive Programming | Codeforces Rating | <5 | <5 |
The scores reported above are for GPT-4 with visual inputs enabled. Please see OpenAI’s technical report for more comprehensive results.
As we can see, GPT-4 (released in March 2023) is much more capable than GPT-3.5 (released March 2022) in the majority of these exams. It was, however, unable to improve in AP English and in competitive programming.
Regarding AP English (and other exams where written responses were required), ChatGPT’s submissions were graded by “1-2 qualified third-party contractors with relevant work experience grading those essays”. While ChatGPT is certainly capable of producing adequate essays, it may have struggled to comprehend the exam’s prompts.
For competitive programming, GPT attempted 10 Codeforces contests 100 times each. Codeforces hosts competitive programming contests where participants must solve complex problems. GPT-4’s average Codeforces rating is 392 (below the 5th percentile), while its highest on a single contest was around 1,300. Referencing the Codeforces ratings page, the top-scoring user is jiangly from China with a rating of 3,841.
What’s Changed With GPT-4?
Here are some areas where GPT-4 has improved the user experience over GPT-3.5.
Internet Access and Plugins
A limiting factor with GPT-3.5 was that it didn’t have access to the internet and was only trained on data up to June 2021.
With GPT-4, users will have access to various plugins that empower ChatGPT to access the internet, provide more up to date responses, and complete a wider range of tasks. This includes third-party plugins from services such as Expedia which will enable ChatGPT to book an entire vacation for you.
Visual Inputs
While GPT-3.5 could only accept text inputs, GPT-4 has the ability to also analyze images. Users will be able to ask ChatGPT to describe a photo, analyze a chart, or even explain a meme.
Greater Context Length
Lastly, GPT-4 is able to handle much larger amounts of text and keep conversations going for longer. For reference, GPT-3.5 had a max request value of 4,096 tokens, which is equivalent to roughly 3,000 words. GPT-4 has two variants, one with 8,192 tokens (6,000 words) and another with 32,768 tokens (24,000 words).
Interested in learning more about the impact artificial intelligence is having on the world of work? VC+ members have access to this special dispatch as well as our entire archive of VC+ content. Find out more. |
Technology
Countries With the Highest Rates of Crypto Ownership
While the U.S. is a major market for cryptocurrencies, two countries surpass it in terms of their rates of crypto ownership.
Countries With the Highest Rates of Crypto Ownership
This was originally posted on our Voronoi app. Download the app for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources.
This graphic ranks the top 10 countries by their rate of cryptocurrency ownership, which is the percentage of the population that owns crypto. These figures come from crypto payment gateway, Triple-A, and are as of 2023.
Data and Highlights
The table below lists the rates of crypto ownership in the top 10 countries, as well as the number of people this amounts to.
Country | % of Population Who Own Crypto | # of Crypto Owners |
---|---|---|
🇦🇪 United Arab Emirates | 30.4 | 3M |
🇻🇳 Vietnam | 21.2 | 21M |
🇺🇸 U.S. | 15.6 | 53M |
🇮🇷 Iran | 13.5 | 12M |
🇵🇭 Philippines | 13.4 | 16M |
🇧🇷 Brazil | 12 | 26M |
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia | 11.4 | 4M |
🇸🇬 Singapore | 11.1 | 665K |
🇺🇦 Ukraine | 10.6 | 4M |
🇻🇪 Venezuela | 10.3 | 3M |
Note that if we were to rank countries based on their actual number of crypto owners, India would rank first at 93 million people, China would rank second at 59 million people, and the U.S. would rank third at 52 million people.
The UAE Takes the Top Spot
The United Arab Emirates (UAE) boasts the highest rates of crypto ownership globally. The country’s government is considered to be very crypto friendly, as described in Henley & Partners’ Crypto Wealth Report 2023:
In the UAE, the Financial Services Regulatory Authority (FSRA-ADGM) was the first to provide rules and regulations regarding cryptocurrency purchasing and selling. The Emirates are generally very open to new technologies and have proposed zero taxes for crypto owners and businesses.
Vietnam leads Southeast Asia
According to the Crypto Council for Innovation, cryptocurrency holdings in Vietnam are also untaxed, making them an attractive asset.
Another reason for Vietnam’s high rates of ownership could be its large unbanked population (people without access to financial services). Cryptocurrencies may provide an alternative means of accessing these services without relying on traditional banks.
Learn More About Crypto From Visual Capitalist
If you enjoyed this post, be sure to check out The World’s Largest Corporate Holders of Bitcoin, which ranks the top 12 publicly traded companies by their Bitcoin holdings.
-
United States5 days ago
Charted: What Southeast Asia Thinks About China & the U.S.
-
United States2 weeks ago
Visualizing the Most Common Pets in the U.S.
-
Culture2 weeks ago
The World’s Top Media Franchises by All-Time Revenue
-
voronoi2 weeks ago
Best Visualizations of April on the Voronoi App
-
Wealth1 week ago
Charted: Which Country Has the Most Billionaires in 2024?
-
Business1 week ago
The Top Private Equity Firms by Country
-
Markets1 week ago
The Best U.S. Companies to Work for According to LinkedIn
-
Economy1 week ago
Ranked: The Top 20 Countries in Debt to China