Technology
How Smart is ChatGPT?
Visualizing ChatGPT’s Performance in Human Exams
ChatGPT, a language model developed by OpenAI, has become incredibly popular over the past year due to its ability to generate human-like responses in a wide range of circumstances.
In fact, ChatGPT has become so competent, that students are now using it to help them with their homework. This has prompted several U.S. school districts to block devices from accessing the model while on their networks.
So, how smart is ChatGPT?
In a technical report released on March 27, 2023, OpenAI provided a comprehensive brief on its most recent model, known as GPT-4. Included in this report were a set of exam results, which we’ve visualized in the graphic above.
GPT-4 vs. GPT-3.5
To benchmark the capabilities of ChatGPT, OpenAI simulated test runs of various professional and academic exams. This includes SATs, the bar examination, and various advanced placement (AP) finals.
Performance was measured in percentiles, which were based on the most recently available score distributions for test takers of each exam type.
Percentile scoring is a way of ranking one’s performance relative to the performance of others. For instance, if you placed in the 60th percentile on a test, this means that you scored higher than 60% of test-takers.
The following table lists the results that we visualized in the graphic.
Category | Exam | GPT-4 Percentile | GPT-3.5 Percentile |
---|---|---|---|
Law | Uniform Bar Exam | 90 | 10 |
Law | LSAT | 88 | 40 |
SAT | Evidence-based Reading & Writing | 93 | 87 |
SAT | Math | 89 | 70 |
Graduate Record Examination (GRE) | Quantitative | 80 | 25 |
Graduate Record Examination (GRE) | Verbal | 99 | 63 |
Graduate Record Examination (GRE) | Writing | 54 | 54 |
Advanced Placement (AP) | Biology | 85 | 62 |
Advanced Placement (AP) | Calculus | 43 | 0 |
Advanced Placement (AP) | Chemistry | 71 | 22 |
Advanced Placement (AP) | Physics 2 | 66 | 30 |
Advanced Placement (AP) | Psychology | 83 | 83 |
Advanced Placement (AP) | Statistics | 85 | 40 |
Advanced Placement (AP) | English Language | 14 | 14 |
Advanced Placement (AP) | English Literature | 8 | 8 |
Competitive Programming | Codeforces Rating | <5 | <5 |
The scores reported above are for GPT-4 with visual inputs enabled. Please see OpenAI’s technical report for more comprehensive results.
As we can see, GPT-4 (released in March 2023) is much more capable than GPT-3.5 (released March 2022) in the majority of these exams. It was, however, unable to improve in AP English and in competitive programming.
Regarding AP English (and other exams where written responses were required), ChatGPT’s submissions were graded by “1-2 qualified third-party contractors with relevant work experience grading those essays”. While ChatGPT is certainly capable of producing adequate essays, it may have struggled to comprehend the exam’s prompts.
For competitive programming, GPT attempted 10 Codeforces contests 100 times each. Codeforces hosts competitive programming contests where participants must solve complex problems. GPT-4’s average Codeforces rating is 392 (below the 5th percentile), while its highest on a single contest was around 1,300. Referencing the Codeforces ratings page, the top-scoring user is jiangly from China with a rating of 3,841.
What’s Changed With GPT-4?
Here are some areas where GPT-4 has improved the user experience over GPT-3.5.
Internet Access and Plugins
A limiting factor with GPT-3.5 was that it didn’t have access to the internet and was only trained on data up to June 2021.
With GPT-4, users will have access to various plugins that empower ChatGPT to access the internet, provide more up to date responses, and complete a wider range of tasks. This includes third-party plugins from services such as Expedia which will enable ChatGPT to book an entire vacation for you.
Visual Inputs
While GPT-3.5 could only accept text inputs, GPT-4 has the ability to also analyze images. Users will be able to ask ChatGPT to describe a photo, analyze a chart, or even explain a meme.
Greater Context Length
Lastly, GPT-4 is able to handle much larger amounts of text and keep conversations going for longer. For reference, GPT-3.5 had a max request value of 4,096 tokens, which is equivalent to roughly 3,000 words. GPT-4 has two variants, one with 8,192 tokens (6,000 words) and another with 32,768 tokens (24,000 words).
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Technology
What Laptop Brands do Americans Use in 2024?
Statista surveyed nearly 7,000 American adults aged 18–64 asking them what laptop brands were in their households. These are the results.
What Laptop Brands do Americans Use in 2024?
This was originally posted on our Voronoi app. Download the app for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources.
We chart the market share of commonly used laptop brands in the U.S., per Statista survey data. Multiple responses were allowed, and percentages do not sum to 100.
The U.S. Laptop Market Landscape
HP emerges as the preferred choice for laptops, present in 32% of surveyed households.
Meanwhile, Apple’s dominance in America’s smartphone segment isn’t quite matched in the laptop market with their Macbooks, trailing HP at 28% of households.
Here’s the full survey data.
Brand | Share of Respondents |
---|---|
HP | 32% |
Apple | 28% |
Dell | 24% |
Acer | 14% |
Lenovo | 12% |
Samsung | 12% |
Microsoft | 10% |
ASUS | 9% |
Toshiba | 5% |
Alienware | 4% |
DigitalStorm | 2% |
Falcon Northwest | 2% |
Huawei | 2% |
MSI | 2% |
Vaio | 1% |
Other | 6% |
Don't know | 2% |
Note: DigitalStorm, Falcon Northwest, Huawei, MSI, and Vaio’s share of respondents were combined into the “Other” category in the graphic. “Don’t know” responses were not visualized.
Another well-known manufacturer, Dell, comes in at 24%, rounding out the top three by household share.
Other big laptop brands, Acer, Lenovo, Samsung, and Microsoft all range between 10–15% of surveyed households.
For a broader picture, market research firm, Technavio, predicts a 3.2% combined average growth rate for the global laptop market from 2024–28. A lion’s share of that growth (42%) is expected to come from North America. Rising popularity of gaming laptops will be a key tailwind.
Interestingly, thanks to their graphics processing units, gaming laptops are also in demand for AI/machine-learning work. Some companies have already started releasing models catering to this specific audience.
Learn More About Tech From Visual Capitalist
If you enjoyed this post, check out The Top 100 Most Valuable Brands in 2024 where technology companies make up nearly one-fifth of the list by themselves.
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